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Haigler CPA Group

Industries

CPA Services for Dental & Medical Practices

A practice is a small business with a high-earning owner attached to it. Most of the tax outcome sits in three places: how the owner is paid, how the equipment and the buildout are written off, and what happens when a practice is bought into or sold.

How the owner is paid

Reasonable compensation, if the practice is an S corporation

The split between salary and distribution is the single most examined number in an owner-provider's return. Too low invites the adjustment; too high pays payroll tax that did not have to be paid. It also sets the ceiling on what can go into a retirement plan, which is why it is a planning decision rather than a payroll setting.

Associates: employee or contractor

Who sets the schedule, who supplies the operatory and the equipment, and who owns the patient relationship are the facts that decide classification — not what the agreement calls the arrangement. Getting it wrong is back payroll tax with penalties. The employment and licensing side of the same question belongs with your attorney, and we will point you there rather than opine on it.

Retirement plans, which are usually the largest single lever

For a profitable practice, a 401(k) with profit sharing — and for an older owner, a defined benefit or cash balance plan alongside it — moves more tax than most other planning combined. The constraint is that the plan has to cover staff on the terms the rules require, so the design question is what the practice can sustain, not simply what the owner would like to contribute.

Equipment, the buildout and the practice itself

Chairs, imaging and operatory equipment

Equipment placed in service can generally be written off far faster than it is paid for — the deduction follows the year the asset is put into use, not the term of the loan behind it. Section 179 and bonus depreciation are the two routes, they interact differently depending on the year, and taking the largest write-off available is not automatically the best answer when next year's income will be higher.

The buildout, and when cost segregation earns its fee

A buildout capitalized as one number depreciates over decades. Interior improvements to non-residential space can qualify for a considerably shorter life than the building, and a cost segregation study can separate what genuinely belongs in shorter-lived categories. There is a project size below which the study costs more than it returns — the useful advice is which side of that line you are on, which we would rather work out before you commission one.

Buying into a practice, or buying one

Whether a transaction is structured as assets or as equity decides what the buyer can depreciate and amortize and what the seller pays tax on — and the two sides have to report a consistent allocation between them. Goodwill amortizes over fifteen years; equipment does not. The allocation is negotiated once and lived with for a long time, so it is worth involving us while it is still open.

The books, and why collections is the number that matters

Production is not revenue

Production, adjustments, write-offs under insurance contracts and collections are four different numbers, and only the last one pays anybody. A practice management report that shows a strong month is not evidence of a strong month until it is reconciled against what the bank actually received.

Deposits arrive net, and that hides two numbers

Insurance and merchant deposits land after fees are taken out. Booked as they arrive, revenue is understated and the fees are never deducted at all. Recording the gross and the fee separately is a small bookkeeping habit that changes what the profit and loss is worth.

What we do not do

We do not give legal advice, we do not process payroll and we do not handle HIPAA or clinical compliance. We work alongside the people who do. Saying that plainly is more useful than a longer list of services we would be learning at your expense.

Where this fits with the rest of the practice

  • Business Tax — the entity return, and the owner compensation decisions behind it.
  • Bookkeeping Services — collections-based books, reconciled monthly.
  • Tax Planning & Advisory — equipment timing, retirement plan design and the buy-in.
  • Mergers & Acquisitions Tax — buying into a practice, or selling one.

Dental & Medical Practices: common questions

Owner-provider pay, equipment and buildouts, buy-ins, and collections-based books.

How should a practice owner be paid?

For an S corporation practice, a defensible salary through payroll before distributions — the most examined number in an owner-provider's return. It also caps what can go into a retirement plan, which is why it is a planning decision rather than a payroll setting. Dental and medical practices.

Are my associates employees or contractors?

Who sets the schedule, who supplies the operatory and equipment, and who owns the patient relationship decide it — not what the agreement is called. Getting it wrong is back payroll tax with penalties. The employment law side belongs with your attorney.

What retirement plan suits a profitable practice?

Often a 401(k) with profit sharing, and for an older owner a defined benefit or cash balance plan alongside it, which can move more tax than most other planning combined. The constraint is staff coverage, so design is a conversation with a plan provider — the modeling is ours.

Can I write off new equipment in the year I buy it?

Equipment placed in service can generally be written off far faster than it is paid for — the deduction follows the year it is put into use, not the loan term. Which route is best depends on the year and on what next year looks like. Dental and medical practices.

Is a cost segregation study worth it for my buildout?

It depends on project size. Interior improvements to non-residential space can qualify for a considerably shorter life than the building, and a study separates what genuinely belongs in shorter categories. There is a threshold below which it costs more than it returns — worth checking before commissioning one.

How is buying into a practice taxed?

It depends on whether you buy an interest from an existing owner or the entity issues you one, and whether an election is made to adjust the basis of the entity's assets. It is negotiated once and lived with for years — mergers and acquisitions tax.

What is the tax difference between buying assets and buying the entity?

An asset purchase generally gives the buyer a stepped-up basis to depreciate and amortize; an equity purchase does not. Goodwill amortizes over fifteen years, equipment does not, and both sides must report a consistent allocation — mergers and acquisitions tax.

Why does my practice management report not match my bank?

Because production, adjustments, insurance write-offs and collections are four different numbers and only the last one pays anyone. A strong month on a production report is not a strong month until it is reconciled — bookkeeping.

How should insurance and merchant deposits be recorded?

Gross, with the fee recorded separately. Deposits arrive net, and booking only what landed understates revenue and omits a real deductible cost. It is a small habit that changes what the profit and loss is worth.

Should a practice use cash or accrual accounting?

Many practices under the receipts threshold may use cash, which is simpler and follows collections. Accrual gives a truer picture of receivables and is often what a buyer or lender wants to see. The choice has tax consequences and is not purely presentational.

Do you handle HIPAA compliance?

No. We do not give legal advice, do not process payroll and do not handle HIPAA or clinical compliance — we work alongside the people who do. That boundary is stated plainly on the dental and medical practices page.

What entity should a practice use?

Professional entity requirements are a state law and licensing question that belongs with an attorney; the tax election layered on top is ours. The two decisions are made together, which is why the conversation is worth having before formation. Talk to us.

How do I plan for a large equipment purchase?

By looking at the year it lands in and the year after. Accelerating the deduction into a flat year wastes it; spreading it may be worth more. That is a projection question before it is a purchase question — tax planning.

Can I deduct continuing education and licensing costs?

Education maintaining or improving skills in your existing profession is generally deductible; education qualifying you for a new trade generally is not. Licensing, professional dues and society memberships usually fall on the deductible side.

What about a practice vehicle?

The business-use portion, with the same rules as any business vehicle and the same requirement for records kept during the year. A commute is not business use, which is the point most often misunderstood.

How should I handle a partner buyout?

It depends on whether the entity redeems the interest or the remaining owners buy it, and the two routes have materially different tax outcomes for everyone involved. It is worth modeling before the agreement is drafted — mergers and acquisitions tax.

Do you work with dentists and physicians?

Yes — dental and medical practices are one of the five industries the practice concentrates in. What the work covers is on the dental and medical practices page.

What should a practice look at monthly?

Collections against production, the collection percentage, overhead by category, and payroll as a share of collections. Those four read together tell you more than a profit and loss on its own — and they need books closed monthly to mean anything.

Can I deduct the cost of my buildout immediately?

Generally no — a buildout is capitalized, though components may qualify for shorter lives and some improvements for accelerated treatment. Capitalizing the whole project as one number is what leaves deductions on the table for decades.

How does a practice prepare for a sale?

Clean books, resolved compliance, an entity structure reviewed while there is time, and a model of the after-tax result under likely structures. A year of preparation usually changes the net more than a point of price — start here.

Talk to a tax expert

Tell us what you are dealing with and we will tell you how we would handle it.